Disclosed is a sewage evaporation and fermentation processing system. The system comprises a sewage discharge channel, a first fermentation tank, a water pump, an evaporation aeration device and a second fermentation tank. According to the sewage evaporation and fermentation processing system, sewage containing dirt such as pig manure is filtered twice, fermented, degermed and deodorized, and the effects of degerming and deodorization are guaranteed. At the same time, after the first fermentation and deodorization, the sewage does not contain dirt large in volume, in this way, the water pump can transmit the dirt to the evaporation aeration device, and the service life and the usage effect of the evaporation aeration device can be prolonged and improved. Because the sewage flowing to the evaporation aeration device does not contain the dirt large in volume, a great amount of dirt is not likely to be accumulated on the evaporation aeration device, and the evaporation and aeration effects of the evaporation aeration device can be ensured.