The invention relates to a piezoelectric fiber-based stick-slip linear actuator, and belongs to the field of micro-nano precise driving. The piezoelectric fiber-based stick-slip linear actuator comprises a base (1), a pre-tightening force loading platform (2), a stator (3) and a rotor (4), wherein the pre-tightening force loading platform (2) and the rotor (4) are arranged on the base (1); the stator (3) is arranged on the pre-tightening force loading platform (2) and in elastic contact with the rotor (4); the stator (3) is a complaint mechanism pasted with a piezoelectric fiber (3-2); the piezoelectric fiber (3-2) is slowly stretched and quickly shortened through applying a sawtooth wave signal to the piezoelectric fiber (3-2); and the stator (3) generates friction driving force on the basis of a stick-slip motion principle, and is transmitted to the rotor (4) through a drive head (3-1-3) and the rotor (4) is driven to move. The piezoelectric fiber-based stick-slip linear actuator has the advantages of being simple in structure, high in accuracy and large in stroke, and can be applied to the fields of micro-nano machining, precision optics and aerospace.