The invention provides a surrounding environment perception system and method for bulk grain delivery equipment, and an environment perception method for monitoring a granary environment, automatically avoiding an obstacle, giving an alarm signal when meeting a danger, and automatically searching for an operating point through the bulk grain delivery equipment. The surrounding environment perception system comprises: a microprocessor, an ultrasonic ranging module group, a metal detection module group, an audible and visual alarm module and a power module. The ultrasonic ranging module group is connected with the microprocessor, and is used for distinguishing a grain pile and a wall and measuring the distance between the equipment and the grain pile or the wall; the metal detection module group is connected with the microprocessor, and is used for detecting a metal ventilation cage; the audible and visual alarm module is connected with the microprocessor, and is used for informing a user to take the ventilation cage away manually by using an audible and visual alarm manner when perceiving that the ventilation cage exists within a short distance of the equipment.