The invention discloses a method for propagating and storing high-vigor rustica tobacco seeds. The seeds are sowed conventionally, then float breeding is conducted, tobacco seedlings are transplanted to a field to be planted, after apical flowers of the tobacco seedlings blossom, the already-blooming flowers are removed and then the tobacco seedlings are bagged; after several days, bags are taken down to conduct flower thinning and fruit thinning, after several days, solitary fruits or whole plants are harvested, the picked capsules are subjected to air drying and threshing, then fine selection is conducted, and then the selected seeds are stored in a bank after being subjected to conventional seed vigor detection. According to the method for propagating and storing the high-vigor rustica tobacco seeds, the high-vigor seeds of rustica tobacco germplasm resources can be obtained and stored in the bank, which brings convenience to long-term storage and sustainable providing of rustica tobacco germplasm resources for utilization, and the seed quality and seed vigor are improved; enough seeds can be propagated in one year, and propagating for many years or multiple times is not needed.