Disclosed is a self-heating ice removing system for a high-voltage power transmission line. The self-heating ice removing system comprises a direct current ice removing vehicle, a high-voltage line movable short-circuit vehicle, multiple high-voltage power transmission lines and ice suspension detection units, wherein the direct current ice removing vehicle is used for being movably connected to one end of each high-voltage power transmission line for supplying direct current for the high-voltage power transmission line; the high-voltage line movable short-circuit vehicle is used for being movably connected to the other end of the high-voltage power transmission line for realizing short circuiting of the high-voltage power transmission line; each high-voltage power transmission line is suspended below a power transmission tower through insulators; one ends of the insulators are suspended below the power transmission tower through supporting rods; each ice suspension detection unit comprises a stress sensor configured above the supporting rods of the corresponding insulator; each stress sensor is connected to a central processing unit ECU of the corresponding ice suspension detection unit; and when it is judged that an abnormal value is formed, the central processing unit ECU transmits abnormal information to a base station through a sim card of Internet of Things of a narrow band Internet of Things communication unit. The invention also discloses an operating method of the self-heating ice removing system. The self-heating ice removing system is high in ice removing efficiency, high in automation degree and can save energy.