The invention relates to the technical field of image processing application, and specifically discloses a method for positioning heat transfer tube vortex detection systems of VVER vapor generators. The method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out template calibration on a system; 2, acquiring a target image and carrying out interference removal processing on the target image; carrying out graphics enhancement on the image by utilizing a histogram equalization algorithm under a condition of low contrast ratio; 4, carrying out image plane projection on non-vertical imaging, with an included angle, between an optical center and an imaging plane of a VVER vapor generator via the enhanced image, and extracting the edge of the image; 5, comparing a template circle center with a circle center of a new extracted and projected image obtained in the step 4, and calculating an offset between the two circle centers; ad 6, feeding the offset obtained in the step 5 back to equipment, operating the equipment according to the offset, repeating the steps 1 to 4 after the operation is stopped, and ending position error correction until the offset obtained through computation is in a threshold value range. According to the method, the positioning defects of the existing positioning system can be overcome, and the positioning precision of the systems is greatly improved.