The invention discloses a circular dry lubrication system for wheels and rails, and is applied to the field of lubrication technologies for locomotive wheel sets and rails. The circular dry lubrication system comprises lubrication blocks and a circular box. Each lubrication block is bent towards a side along a center arc to form an arc, a notch is arranged on the box, an annular guide groove for arranging the lubrication blocks is formed in the box and is provided with a lubrication block outlet which is formed in the notch, and a feeding mechanism is arranged in the box and can provide acting force for pushing the lubrication blocks arranged in the annular guide groove out of the lubrication block outlet one by one. The circular dry lubrication system has the advantages that the box can be fixedly mounted on wheel carriers of trains when the circular dry lubrication system is used, the notch of the box directly faces the edges of the wheels of the trains, the lubrication blocks in the box can slide along the annular guide groove under the effect of the feeding mechanism and can be in contact with specified locations of rims of the trains, and constant pressures can be generated; the wheels rotate when the trains run, tangential friction is carried out between the wheels and the lubrication blocks, an extremely thin lubrication film can uniformly cover each rim under friction effects of the corresponding lubrication blocks and the rim, accordingly, wheel-rail friction coefficients can be lowered to a great extent, and abrasion of the wheels and the rails can be reduced.