The invention discloses a maglev vehicle underframe mounting structure. A baseplate is in welding connection with side beams and end beams, sliding grooves for mounting reinforcing beams are formed below the baseplate, wide sliding grooves for pre-burying floor mounting seats are formed above the baseplate, the side wall of a vehicle body is connected above the side beams, sliding grooves are formed below the side beams which are connected with load-bearing mounting beams through sliders matched with fastening members, the reinforcing beams are mounted between an aluminum floor and the load-bearing mounting beam through bolts, equipment mounting beams are connected on the load-bearing mounting beams through bolts, end load-bearing mounting beams are connected with mounting blocks on an end levitation frame sliding platform through bolts, and threaded bushings are pre-buried below middle load-bearing beams which are mounted on guide rails of a middle levitation frame guide rail matched sliding platform through bolts. The maglev vehicle underframe mounting structure is simple in structure, few in parts, light in weight, high in strength, convenient and flexible to mount, capable of adjusting manufacturing errors, needless of integral machining, cost-saving and easy to maintain.