The invention discloses a production process for small high-strength hot-rolled steel bars. The production process is mainly designed for producing the small hot-rolled steel bars, and includes the following steps that (1) pre-finish rolling splitting and rolling processing is carried out on a single intermediate rolled piece subjected to rough rolling and intermediate rolling, and a plurality of rolled pieces are obtained; and (2) single-line finish rolling is carried out on the rolled pieces obtained in the step (1) in sequence, and the high-strength hot-rolled steel bars are produced by adopting a fine grain method. The splitting technology in the procedures that finished products are obtained after finish rolling, splitting and rolling is carried out in advance in a pre-finish rolling set, the finished products are obtained through single-line rolling of a finish rolling set, the hot-rolled steel bars with high strength and good plasticity and toughness can be produced in a low-cost manner, resources are saved, and cost is reduced.