The invention discloses a calcium carbonate drying device, comprising a feeding device, a high-pressure slurry spraying device, a moisture removing device and a drying cylinder, wherein the drying cylinder is vertical to the ground and is internally provided with a rotary sleeve; the rotary sleeve is connected with a rotation driving device; the rotary sleeve is internally provided with a plurality of microwave generators; the upper end of the drying cylinder is connected with the high-pressure slurry spraying device, and the high-pressure slurry spraying device is connected with the feeding device; the high-pressure slurry spraying device comprises a high-pressure spray nozzle; the high-pressure spray nozzle is positioned at the upper end of the rotary sleeve; a discharge hole is formed in the lower part of the drying cylinder. The calcium carbonate drying device has the beneficial effects that the calcium carbonate drying device can be directly used for drying calcium carbonate slurry, so that the pretreatment processes such as dehydration cake-pressing and extrusion pelletization in the traditional calcium carbonate drying technology can be omitted; the calcium carbonate drying device has the advantages of being efficient and energy-saving, is uniform in heating, and effectively improves the quality of calcium carbonate finished products.