The invention discloses a medical cutting device. The medical cutting device comprises an outer cutter pipe, a cutting window is arranged on the outer cutter pipe; the medical cutting device further comprises an inner cutter pipe, the inner cutter pipe is arranged inside the outer cutter pipe, the inner cutter pipe has a cutter head; the medical cutting device also comprises a drive mechanism, the drive mechanism is used for driving the inner cutter pipe to rotate and move reciprocally in the axial direction; the drive mechanism comprises an inner drive component and an outer drive component, the inner cutter pipe is connected transmittingly with the inner drive component and is driven by the inner drive component to rotate, the outer drive component is sleeved on the outer side of the inner drive component, the inner drive component is rotating at a differential speed relative to the outer drive component, and the inner cutter pipe shaft is driven by the inner drive component powered by the outer drive component to move reciprocally in the axial direction. According to the medical cutting device, the inner cutter pipe is driven by the inner drive component to rotate, and the inner drive component is rotating at a differential speed relative to the outer drive component, and the inner cutter pipe shaft is driven by the inner drive component powered by the outer drive component to move reciprocally in the axial direction; the reciprocal speed in the axial direction of the inner cutter pipe can be adjusted in a relatively large range, so that the application range of the medical cutting device is wider.