The invention belongs to the field of digital image processing and quick navigation technology, and particularly relates to a quick multi-subgraph associated course angle estimation method. The method comprises the steps of equidistantly cutting three circular matching subgraphs in a detecting rectangular area of a multibeam sounding sonar real-time image; performing matching positioning on the subgraphs by means of a seabed reference graph and a landform parameter characteristic, and obtaining three position coordinates; determining availability of the position coordinates according to the position relation of the matching subgraph in the reference graph; if the position coordinate is available, connecting circle centers of three circular reference graphs, calculating gradients of the connecting lines, and estimating a course angle; and performing comparison with timeliness of other algorithms through calculating operation time. According to the quick multi-subgraph associated course angle estimation method, though matching of a plurality of subgraphs is utilized and operation time is larger than a single subgraph, the time of the quick multi-subgraph associated course angle estimation method is much better than that of an original template transversal coupling method through subsequent geometrical estimation.