The invention relates to a material transport control system and method and underground construction machinery. The material transport control system comprises a material transport control handle (1), a controller (2) and a material transport control valve (3); the material transport control handle (1) is in signal connection with the controller (2); the controller (2) is in signal connection with the control end of the material transport control valve (3); and the material transport control valve (3) is arranged in a work oil line of a material transport motor (4) in the material transport system and used for controlling starting, stopping, steering and rotating speed of the material transport motor (4). According to the material transport control system and method and the underground construction machinery, part of hydraulic control is replaced with electrical control, and compared with existing full-hydraulic material transport control processes, a good control effect can be achieved under the more complicated construction condition.