The invention adopts spandex fiber as the raw material, employs a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization method, and modifies a copolymer having an amphoteric compound structural unit and a capsaicin-containing compound structural unit to prepare fiber with good antifouling and fouling-release performance. On the one hand, the copolymer has a hydrophilic amphoteric compound sulfobetaine methacrylate structural unit, can provide good anti-protein adhesion and bactericidal properties; and on the other hand, N-(5-methyl-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)acrylamide structural unit has good performance of inhibiting fouling organisms from adhering and growing. The surface material prepared by the method provided by the invention has multielement synergistic antifouling effect, has superior antifouling properties in static and dynamic seawater environment, and also has good protective effect on multi-scale fouling organisms, thus having very wide application prospects. The surface material substrate prepared by the method provided by the invention has a wide range of application, no toxicity or pollution, and has influence to the marine environment.