The invention discloses a method for easily, conveniently and rapidly detecting the interior quality of steel tube concrete. The method comprises the steps that on the condition that outside assisted heat flow is uniformly injected along the outer surface of a steel tube wall, a steel tube concrete column is horizontally divided into infinitely multiple microsegments in the height direction; when the heat flow is uniformly injected in the thickness direction of the tube wall and spread from outside to inside, heat conducting of each microsegment is also spread from outside to inside in the thickness direction of the tube wall; the heat conducting conditions in the microsegments are same when no hollow defect exists in the microsegments, the heat conducting conditions of some microsegments are different from those of the other microsegments when the hollow defect exists in some microsegments, and the heat conducting conditions are displayed and expressed through surface temperature distribution differences; after surface temperature distribution is acquired through an infrared thermal imager, a temperature distribution value is analyzed and solved, and corresponding defect locations in the steel tube concrete are found out.