The invention relates to a gravity action-type ball valve instantaneous opening and closing control device. The device comprises a valve assembly, a drive limiting assembly, a power assembly, a jack (11) and an electromagnetic locking mechanism (9). The valve assembly comprises a valve body (1) and a valve element (2). According to the drive limiting assembly, a drive wheel disc (3) is connected with the valve element (2) and drives the valve element (2) to rotate, and a movable limiting block (4) and a reset handle (5) are arranged on the drive wheel disc (3). The power assembly comprises a steel cable (7), a reversing pulley (8) and a balance weight (10). One end of the steel cable (7) is connected with the drive wheel disc (3), and the other end of the steel cable (7) winds across the reversing pulley (8) and then is connected with the balance weight (10). Compared with the prior art, the gravity action-type ball valve instantaneous opening and closing control device is large in ball valve drift diameter, small in medium passing resistance and good in sealing property. The forward and reverse movement inertia influence can be avoided, opening and closing can be achieved quickly, and the valve opening and closing time can be controlled by changing the balance weight. The gravity action-type ball valve instantaneous opening and closing control device can be used in an explosive atmosphere and has the advantages that the manufacturing cost is low, the structure is simple and maintenance in the using process is easy.