The invention discloses a reinforced structure and method for controlling the deformation compatibility of a mountainous area suspension type bridge, and belongs to the field of bridge engineering. Arc-shaped oblique limiting cables are symmetrically tensioned on the two sides of the bridge respectively, and the limiting cables and a main bridge beam are connected through a short cable; a plane formed by the limiting cables and the short cable is located below a beam plate of the bridge and forms a certain included angle with the beam plate. By means of the limiting cables and the short cable, structural deformation generated by the bridge under the action of lateral or upward wind force or other action force is effectively controlled, and the original bearing capacity of the bridge can be kept. According to the structure and the construction method, the structure is simple, the construction cost is low, and the structure and the construction method can be effectively applied to controlling deformation compatibility control of built bridges or bridges to be built.