The invention relates to rhizobium radiobacter and a method for producing curdlan gum through fermentation of the rhizobium radiobacter, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering. Specifically, the invention relates to the rhizobium radiobacter JNU-CD01 for producing the curdlan gum, wherein the rhizobium radiobacter is separated and identified from soil, and the rhizobium radiobacter is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with number of CGMCC 12099; and the invention relates to the method for producing the curdlan gum through the fermentation of the microbial strain (rhizobium radiobacter) by taking glucose as a raw material. By adopting a strategy of feeding a cheap inorganic nitrogen source to the glucose which serves as the raw material under an aerobic fermentation condition of the strain, the yield of the curdlan gum can be improved by more than two times, namely 65.27g/L or above. Therefore, the method for producing the curdlan gum through fermentation has the advantages of being high in production efficiency, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and the like.