The invention relates to the technical field of laser punching, in particular to a brittle material punching method. Filamentation cutting is carried out on a brittle material to be processed with ultrashort laser pulse beams to form round rings penetrating through the brittle material; an ablation area is arranged in each round ring, each ablation area is of an appointed shape, the parts, of the appointed shapes, of the brittle material are removed in a laser ablation manner, and single bodies to be splintered which are not connected with one another and to be subjected to splintering processing are formed; and splintering processing is carried out on the single bodies to be splintered at the same time, so that punching machining on the brittle material is realized. Because filamentation cutting and laser ablation are combined, edge breakage of the brittle material is reduced, the area of the heat affect zone of the brittle material is reduced, the efficiency of punching is improved, the success rate of punching is increased, the cost is reduced, and the problems about efficiency and effect in the machining process are solved.