The invention discloses a real-time tillage depth monitoring system for agricultural implement operation. The real-time tillage depth monitoring system comprises a tillage depth detecting device, a machine-mounted terminal, a vehicle-mounted terminal and a tillage depth monitoring management information system, wherein the tillage depth detecting device is formed by multiple front protraction racks and tillage depth distance measurement sensors arranged on the front protraction racks; the tillage depth distance measurement sensors are used for online measuring the distance from the tillage depth distance measurement sensors to non-operated ground, converting the distance into real-time tillage depth data through a single chip microcomputer circuit of the machine-mounted terminal and sending the real-time tillage depth data to the vehicle-mounted terminal; the vehicle-mounted terminal is used for receiving the real-time tillage depth data through a short-distance wireless receiving and transmitting module and storing the real-time tillage depth data in a local storage card; finally, the tillage depth monitoring management information system is used for visually displaying and recording the real-time tillage depth data and geographic information of longitude and latitude, altitude, time and the like of to-be-operated topography determined by a locating system. According to the real-time tillage depth monitoring system disclosed by the invention, the problem of real-time accurate tillage depth monitoring management is well solved.