The invention discloses an airborne visual detecting and multi-target positioning system of an unmanned gyroplane, and belongs to the technical field of positioning navigation and control. The system comprises an airborne subsystem and a ground monitoring subsystem; the airborne subsystem comprises a video collecting unit, an image processing unit and an image transmission transmitting terminal, and an image collected by the video collecting unit is processed by the image processing unit and then transmitted to the ground monitoring subsystem through the image transmission transmitting terminal; the ground monitoring subsystem comprises a ground station and an image transmission receiving terminal connected with the ground station, and the image transmission receiving terminal is communicated with the image transmission transmitting terminal. The system is compact in structure and achieves perfect integration with the unmanned gyroplane, flight and control of the unmanned gyroplane are convenient, therefore, the precision of target positioning is effectively guaranteed, and multi-target positioning is achieved. The invention further discloses an implementation method of the airborne visual detecting and multi-target positioning system of the unmanned gyroplane.