A near space airship state monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network comprises a plurality of cluster sensor nodes arranged in different positions in an airship, relay nodes arranged in the clusters correspondingly, sink nodes communicating with all the relay nodes, and an airborne control module connected with the sink nodes, wherein the sensor nodes are used for collecting the strain monitoring quantity and temperature monitoring quantity, converting the strain monitoring quantity and temperature monitoring quantity into electric signals, and then outputting the electric signals to the relay nodes; the relay nodes are not involved in signal collection and only forward the signals obtained by the sensor nodes in the clusters to the sink nodes; and the sink nodes are connected with the airborne control module and used for transmitting data information collected by the sensor nodes. The state monitoring signals are stably and accurately transmitted to the airborne control module through the wireless sensor network, extra weight is generated as little as possible, and the bearing capacity of an airship is prevented from being affected.