The invention discloses a self-cleaning primary-and-medium efficiency filtering device for an air-conditioning ventilation system. The self-cleaning primary-and-medium efficiency filtering device for the air-conditioning ventilation system comprises a filter. Differential pressure sensors are arranged in front of and behind the filter. A high-pressure fan is arranged on the windward side of the filter. The suction section of the high-pressure fan is connected with a dust collection port through a telescopic suction pipe. The exhaust section of the high-pressure fan is connected with a dust filtration and collection device. A lead screw transmission mechanism is further arranged on the windward side of the filter. The dust collection port is connected to the lead screw transmission mechanism. The self-cleaning primary-and-medium efficiency filtering device is further provided with a self-cleaning full-automatic controller. By arranging the differential pressure sensors, the filth blockage state of the filter can be judged; the dust collection port can be used for adsorbing dirt on the windward side of the filter; by arranging an automatic cleaning brush in a dust filtration bucket, the dust filtration bucket can be automatically cleaned after operation of the high-pressure fan is completed; by arranging a rotating plate and a dust collection bucket, impurities such as dust can be discharged in time, and the dust impurities can be removed conveniently through a drawer type structure; and cleaned air is returned to a unit for use, and compared with outside air, the burden of the filter can be reduced.