The invention provides a production method of transparent timber. The production method includes the steps of firstly, drying a veneer sample under 100-110 DEG C for 24 hours; secondly, fully mixing the dried sample, purified water, biological enzyme and glacial acetic acid, adding a trace amount of hydrogen peroxide, performing reaction at 35-50 DEG C for 1-2 hours, and washing with deionized water; thirdly, extracting the sample with hydrogen peroxide with the mass percentage being 30% and ammonia water with the mass percentage being 25%; fourthly, washing with deionized water, sequentially extracting with the mixed solution of pure ethanol, ethanol and acetone and pure acetone to remove water so as to obtain delignified timber formwork; fifthly, injecting polymer into the delignified timber formwork to infiltrate nano cellulose mesh on the cavity and cell wall of the delignified timber formwork so as to obtain the transparent timber. The production method has the advantages that the produced transparent timber is high in optical transmittance; the method is simple in process and environmentally friendly, and the produced timber is lightweight; the hierarchical structure of timber tissue is well preserved, and the mechanical performance of the timber is better as compared with the prior art.