The invention provides a single-camera acquisition and imaging system for face identification. The single-camera acquisition and imaging system comprises a camera, a face identification device and a building intercommunication device. The camera is used for sending an image to the face identification device and the building intercommunication device after capturing and acquiring the image. The face identification device is used for identifying the image acquired by the camera. The building intercommunication device is used for displaying the image acquired by the camera on an indoor unit of the building intercommunication device, thereby realizing visualized building intercommunication. The camera comprises a lens, a light filter controller, an image sensor and a digital signal processing chip, wherein the lens is used for projecting an image in front of the lens to the image sensor with different light rays; the light filter controller is used for controlling the light rays passing between the lens and the image sensor to be filtered by a light filter of a light filter switcher; the image sensor is used for generating corresponding electric charge through the image projected to the image sensor by the lens and transmitting the quantity of the electric charge to the digital signal processing chip in a way of analog signals; and the digital signal processing chip is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the received analog signals and outputting a conversion result to the face device or the building intercommunication device.