The invention discloses a stability control method for a four-wheel independent driving electric automobile based on Q-learning. The control method comprises the following steps of selecting corresponding optimal control parameters based on actual external conditions, and calculating and obtaining an ideal control torque by utilizing the parameters; calculating slip form control parameters K of a yaw torque controller under different external conditions, and storing different external conditions and the slip form control parameters K which are in the yaw torque controller and correspond to the different external conditions, to a stability control system; and reasonably distributing the calculated ideal control torque to four wheels. According to the stability control method disclosed by the invention, the control parameters required by online calculation are found by the Q-learning manner, and stored to the yaw torque controller, so that during working, the yaw torque controller of the four-wheel independent driving electric automobile can directly call the control parameters in a manner of table look-up, the calculating time is greatly shortened, and the real-time capability, the robust ability and the practicability of the stability control system of the four-wheel independent driving electric automobile are improved.