The invention discloses a turning lathe measurement data application method based on train wheel set online monitoring system. According to the turning lathe measurement data application method, the diameter and flange height of a sample wheel set are measured through a non-pulling wheel turning lathe in the first step; the low-point chord length and the high-point chord length of the sample wheel set are measured through the train wheel set online monitoring system in the second step; and in the third step and the fourth step, correlation analysis is conducted on the data obtained in the first step and the second step. By the adoption of the turning lathe measurement data application method based on train wheel set online monitoring system, measurement errors of the non-pulling wheel turning lathe are creatively made to be equivalent to characteristic quantity errors of the chord distance of the online monitoring system for the first time through the correlation analysis of the data of the train wheel set online system and the measurement data of the non-pulling wheel turning lathe, and thus calibration of the non-pulling wheel turning lathe is achieved.