Provided is a heat storage type combustion system. The heat storage type combustion system comprises a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a first heat storage body communicating with the air inlet, and a second heat storage body communicating with the air outlet. The first heat storage body and the second heat storage body are arranged at the two ends of a combustion furnace correspondingly. The gas inlet and the gas outlet are each connected with an air exchange valve. The air exchange valve is provided with two input ends and two output ends. The gas inlet and the gas outlet are connected with the two input ends correspondingly. The two output ends are connected with the first heat storage body and the second heat storage body correspondingly. The air exchange valve has a first state and a second state. According to the heat storage type combustion system, the air exchange valve can be switched to be in the first state or the second state as needed, operation is carried out repeatedly and alternately, then high-efficiency utilization of heat energy is ensured, and meanwhile continuous high temperature in the heat storage bodies is avoided.