The invention discloses a vertical lifting and horizontal transferring system for a fish collection box. The system comprises a vertical support frame, wherein a top cover is arranged at the top end of the vertical support frame; a transverse support frame is arranged in the middle of the vertical support frame; a movable notch is formed in the middle of the transverse support frame; winch rails are mounted at the top of two sides of the movable notch; a transfer trolley is arranged on the winch rails; a winch is mounted on the transfer trolley; the bottom end of the winch is connected with a sling; a lifting hanger is mounted at the tail end of the sling; a bottom frame is arranged on the surface of an upper platform; trolley rails are mounted at the tops of a lower platform and the bottom frame; the transfer trolley is arranged on the trolley rails; a fish collection box matched with the lifting hanger is arranged on the transfer trolley. According to the system disclosed by the invention, negative influence of development of water resources and hydropower engineering on the aquatic environment is effectively relieved, a powerful science and technology support is provided for building environmental-friendly water resources and hydropower engineering, and the economic, social and environmental benefits can be remarkable.