The invention discloses a cable reeling and unreeling device for a mobile emergency power vehicle. The cable reeling and unreeling device comprises a bottom support which is arranged on the bottom wall of a vehicle compartment, wherein the front end of the bottom support faces to the opening of the vehicle compartment; more than two cable reeling and unreeling drums which are arranged left and right at intervals and can rotate around axes which are arranged left and right are arranged on the bottom support; each cable reeling and unreeling drum comprises a cable coiling drum and baffle discs connected onto two ends of the cable coiling drum; an overturning support which can be arranged on the opening of the vehicle compartment when being overturned forwards and can be arranged in the vehicle compartment when being overturned backwards is hinged to a part in front of each cable reeling and unreeling drum on the bottom support; supporting rollers are rotatably arranged left and right on each overturning support; and a support rod which can be supported on the bottom support when the corresponding overturning support is arranged in the vehicle compartment is hinged to each overturning support. The cable reeling and unreeling device can be applied to the mobile emergency power vehicle; cables can be reeled in the vehicle compartment or unreeled out of the vehicle compartment through the cable reeling and unreeling device; cable rolls do not need to be carried or lifted; and the cable reeling and unreeling device has the beneficial effects of being time-saving, labor saving and simple and convenient for use.