The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant immersion probe for a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system. The high-temperature-resistant immersion probe comprises a high-temperature-resistant pipe (6), a high-temperature-resistant pipe sleeve (7), a high-temperature-resistant pipe heat insulation pad (8), an external heat insulation layer (9), a middle protection pipe (11), a sealing sheet, a lens barrel, a rear end box body (20), a temperature sensor (14), an air pressure sensor (16), an air inlet (23), an air outlet (12) and a lead screw drive system (21). The high-temperature-resistant immersion probe has a function of automatically and precisely controlling the temperature of a multilayer temperature control cavity in a high temperature environment and can guarantee stable parameters of an optical element in the probe. By the adoption of a coarse-fine combination two-stage servo control system consisting of a laser distance measurer, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal and a precision lead screw, quick and accurate positioning required by measurement is realized, the working time of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system is shortened, and burdens on a laser device and a signal processing unit are relieved.