The invention discloses a method for preparing a spherical analcite mesoporous material from low-quality attapulgite clay tailings. The method is characterized in that through one-step hydrothermal reaction, the attapulgite clay tailings which are low in grade, complex in component and poor in adsorption property are transformed into a micron-grade spherical mesoporous adsorption material which is uniform and controllable in aperture distribution and excellent in adsorption property. On the premise that an organic surfactant type pore-forming agent is not introduced, the crystal structure and the aggregation state of attapulgite are transferred through one-step hydrothermal reaction, at the same time associated minerals are dissolved, crysatalized and recombined so as to obtain the mesoporous analcite material of the micron-grade spherical morphology, and the product is narrow in aperture distribution, simple in process, stable in product property, controllable in aperture distribution and excellent in adsorption property, and can be used as an adsorbent which is widely used in multiple fields such as efficient adsorption of antibiotics, mycotoxin, dye and heavy metals so as to remove enrichment of precious metal ions such as rubidium and caesium.