The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-performance carbon catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of new energy materials. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out coordination on aniline and a transition metal salt to prepare a suspension liquid; secondly, filtering the prepared suspension liquid to obtain a filter cake, soaking the filter cake with a mixed solution of one or more of ethanol, water, acetone, diethyl ether, methyl alcohol and formaldehyde at any ratio for 15-120 minutes, cleaning the filter cake and then carrying out suction filtration, drying and grinding to obtain a nano dentate polyaniline metal coordination polymer; and finally carrying out thermal treatment on the obtained nano dentate polyaniline metal coordination polymer to prepare the high-performance carbon catalyst under an atmosphere condition. A non-noble metal carbon catalyst prepared by the method is low in price of used raw materials, simple in preparation technology, low in equipment requirement and suitable for large-scale production of the catalyst.