The invention discloses a smelting method of converter efficient dephosphorization and belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy. The smelting method of converter efficient dephosphorization comprises the following steps that after the last time of converter steel tapping, slag splashing furnace protection is conducted, and residual slag is poured out; before converter blowing is started, pre-melted slag is added into a converter; converter blowing is conducted for 4-5 minutes, the oxygen lance position and the oxygen supply intensity are adjusted dynamically according to blowing time; slag pouring operation is conducted; and slag-forming blowing is conducted, at the converter endpoint, the slag basicity R, the mass fraction of magnesium oxide and the mass fraction of ferrous oxide are controlled, and finished steel of which the phosphorus mass fraction is required to be 0.010% or below is obtained. Through the smelting method of converter efficient dephosphorization, the converter dephosphorization efficiency can be effectively improved, the phosphorus content at the converter endpoint is lowered, and the cost is low.