The invention relates to an indoor visible light communication LED array layout optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. The method comprises following steps: 1, constructing chromosomes according to the number of LED arrays and the length and the width of a room; 2, creating an initial population by using the chromosomes obtained in the previous step; 3, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the population, judging whether an algorithm ending condition is satisfied; 4, carrying out selection, intersection and mutation operations to each individual in the population, thus generating a new population; and 5, analyzing the optimized LED array layout according to the optimum individuals obtained by the genetic algorithm. According to the algorithm of the invention, the problem that the receiving powers received on the receiving plane in the existing LED layout are distributed unevenly can be solved; the optimized LED array layout enables the receiving powers on the receiving plane to be distributed evenly; and the reliability problem of the LED communication is solved.