The invention provides a method for synthesizing aviation kerosene cycloparaffin and aroma components by the utilization of wood chips. The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, wood chips undergo catalytic cracking to obtain low-carbon aromatics: a catalyst is nickel/magnesium-containing modified NiO/MgO/Al-MCM-41, and low-carbon aromatics based on C6-C8 is formed after catalytic reaction of wood chips; Step 2, low-carbon aromatics is directionally converted to aromatics within the range of kerosene: an alkylating agent is low carbon olefins obtained after synchronous catalytic cracking of wood chips, a catalyst is a highly acidic xPF6-[bmim]-yAlCl3 (x,y=0.5-2) ionic liquid, and aromatics based on C9-C14 is formed after electrophilic substitution reaction of low-carbon aromatics; and Step 3, C9-C14 aromatics is directionally converted to cycloparaffin: a catalyst is palladium modified Pd/Al-MCM-22, and cycloparaffin based on C9-C14 is formed. Basic technical requirements of common aircraft fuel can be met. The method can be used for synthesizing aroma and cycloparaffin components in biological aviation kerosene.