The present invention relates to a white carbon black/poly(itaconate-isoprene-glycidyl methacrylate) bio-based elastomer composite material free of a silane coupling agent. The white carbon black/poly(itaconate-isoprene-glycidyl methacrylate) bio-based elastomer composite material is an environmentally-friendly composite material, and both the poly(itaconate-isoprene-glycidyl methacrylate) and the white carbon black come from a non-petroleum-based raw material and are independent of petrochemical resources. Compared with a composite material in which glycidyl methacrylate is not introduced, the composite material in which glycidyl methacrylate is introduced has improved dispersity of the white carbon black, improved mechanical properties of rubber products, improved wet-skid resistance, reduces rolling resistance, and is free of the use of a silane coupling agent, so that the processing technology is simplified, and generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is avoided. Therefore, the white carbon black/poly(itaconate-isoprene-glycidyl methacrylate) bio-based elastomer composite material is a bio-based "green tire" rubber material having a good application prospect.