The invention relates to a multi-barrel magnetorheological damping shock absorber capable of achieving cooperative work. The magnetorheological damping shock absorber comprises at least one first damper and at least one second damper which are arranged on a base in a parallel connection mode, each second damper comprises a second liquid storage cylinder arranged on the base, magnetorheological liquid is contained in the second liquid storage cylinders, second piston assemblies are arranged in the second liquid storage cylinders, the tops of the second piston assemblies are connected with second piston rods, the second piston rods stretch out of the tops of the second liquid storage cylinders and vertically move in the second liquid storage cylinders along with the second piston assemblies, second snakelike magnetorheological liquid channels are formed in the second piston assemblies, the portions, close to the inner surfaces of the second liquid storage cylinders, of the second piston assemblies are provided with second external magnet exciting coils, and the inner surfaces of the second liquid cylinders are provided with multiple sets of permanent magnetic rings with the same magnetic heading. Compared with the prior art, the multi-barrel magnetorheological damping shock absorber has the advantages that the regulating range of tensile resisting and compression resisting is wide, the universality is high, and the damping shock absorber is not prone to be damaged.