The invention discloses a single-layer reticulated shell bolt connection node and a constructing and mounting method. The single-layer reticulated shell bolt connection node comprises a node body, a conical head or sealing plate, high-strength bolts and nuts. The node body is provided with a plurality of bolt holes; the conical head or the sealing plate is provided with an upper round hole or a lower round hole; a threaded rod of each high-strength bolt is sequentially divided into a large thread section, a polygon section and a small thread section from the screw cap to the other end head. The mounting and constructing method of the single-layer reticulated shell based on the node structure includes the following steps that firstly, all components of the node and reticulated shell rod pieces are machined and manufactured in a factory; the high-strength bolts are made to penetrate through corresponding conical head round holes or sealing plate round holes, the nuts are screwed into the large thread sections of the high-strength bolts, and the conical head or the sealing plate is welded to a steel pipe; in the site mounting process, the polygon sections of the high-strength bolts are rotated to screw the small thread sections of the high-strength bolts into the bolt holes of the node body till the polygon sections abut against the node body, and then the nuts are rotated in the direction of the screw caps till the nuts abut against the conical head or the sealing plate. The single-layer reticulated shell bolt connection node has the advantages that the single-layer reticulated shell bolt connection node is convenient to construct and reasonable in stress, and quality is easy to guarantee.