The invention relates to an uplink power control method based on an optimization theory for micro cells. The uplink power control method comprises the following steps: 1) constructing an optimization problem: an optimization target is to optimize the total uplink capacity of an operation object, uplink cross layer interference of a macro cell on each micro cell is considered in a capacity calculation process, an optimization variable is uplink transmission power of each Pico UE in the operation object, besides an upper limit of the transmission power of each Pico UE, the following constraint conditions are added: a) the uplink signal to interference plus noise ratio of MinRecSS MUE is larger than or equal to a corresponding target signal to interference plus noise ratio, wherein the MinRecSS MUE is Macro UE generating the minimum uplink receiving signal intensity at a macro base station; b) the uplink signal to interference plus noise ratio of each Pico UE is larger than or equal to the corresponding target signal to interference plus noise ratio; 2) solving the optimization problem 2 and 3) adjusting the uplink transmission power of each Pico UE in the operation object according to an optimization result. Compared with the prior art, the uplink power control method provided by the invention is better in optimization effect and is more practical.