The invention discloses a data processing system and method applied to a distributed storage system. The system comprises a system integrator and a data processor, wherein the data processor comprises a data storage module, a fault-tolerant coding module, a data compression module and an encryption/decryption module; the system integrator is used for providing an integration policy selection interface for a user to obtain a system integration policy selected by the user from a preset policy database through the integration policy selection interface; and the modules in the data processor are used for correspondingly processing to-be-processed data in sequence according to a sequence specified in the system integration policy. According to the data processing system and method, the system integrator can obtain the system integration policy selected by the user from the preset policy database, and the modules in the data processor correspondingly process the to-be-processed data according to the sequence specified in the system integration policy, so that data integration processing is realized, data access speed is increased, and data security and system expandability are improved.