The invention discloses a petroleum coke assisted refuse disposal system combining microwave drying and plasma gasification. The petroleum coke assisted refuse disposal system combining microwave drying and plasma gasification comprises a refuse drying furnace, a refuse gasification furnace, a screw conveyor and a high-temperature combustion chamber, wherein the refuse drying furnace comprises a drying furnace body, a refuse feed inlet, a refuse discharge outlet and a microwave generation device. The refuse gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, a dry refuse inlet, an auxiliary fuel gas inlet, a fuel gas outlet and a fire grate, wherein the fire grate divides the interior of the gasification furnace body into a gasification chamber and a plasma chamber, and a plasma burner and an air inlet are arranged on the side wall of the plasma chamber in a spaced mode. The front end of the screw conveyor is communicated with the refuse discharge outlet of the refuse drying furnace, and the rear end of the screw conveyor is communicated with the dry refuse inlet of the refuse gasification furnace. The high-temperature combustion chamber is communicated with the fuel gas outlet of the refuse gasification furnace through a pipeline so that fuel gas generated in the refuse gasification furnace can be delivered into the high-temperature combustion chamber to be combusted at a high temperature so as to remove harmful ingredients in the fuel gas.