The invention discloses a segmented testing method for a surrounding rock mining destruction range, and belongs to the technical field of mine top and bottom plate rock mass destruction range determination. The determination problems of one-time plugging multi-segment measuring, plugging and leakage measuring integration, internal water pressure conversion of mine top and bottom plate rock mass observation equipment are solved. An adopted testing system comprises a plugging system, a guiding system, a feeding propelling system and a pressure converting system; each plugging unit of the plugging system comprises a water leakage tube and tubular joints connected to the two ends of the water leakage tube, a communicating tube is arranged between every two plugging units, the two ends of each communicating tube are connected to the tubular joints of the adjacent plugging units respectively, the periphery, between two tubular joints, of each water leakage tube is provided with a plugging capsule, and a certain plugging space is formed between each plugging capsule and the corresponding water leakage tube. According to the testing method, one-time plugging multi-segment measuring, plugging and leakage measuring integration and pressure conversion from a plugging high-pressure water source to an observing low-pressure water source can be simultaneously achieved.