The invention discloses an inland river ship shore power cable collecting and releasing system, comprising a pontoon, a boat tank, a floating bridge and a cable reel arranged on the pontoon ; the side of the pontoon is fixedly provided with an edge guide wheel assembly; the two sides of the boat tank are provided with edge guide wheel assemblies; the center part of the boat tank is provided with a center guide wheel ; and the floating bridge is fixed between the pontoon and the boat tank. The cable guide wheel assemblies are installed on the pontoon and the boat tank; the cable is fully laid on the guide wheel, which greatly reduces the friction among the boat tank, the pontoon deck and the boat edge; besides, the ship side and the shore side are provided with constant tension force cable reels which coordinately work and commonly charge the collecting and releasing of the cable, and guarantee that the cable is in tension and the pulling force of the cable is in an allowance range. In the meantime, the length of the cable is regulated by the machinery according to the change of the distance between the ship and the shore distance, and the manual moving of the cable is not in need.