The invention discloses a printed file conveying device and a medical self-service printer. The printed file conveying device comprises a conveying wheel assembly, a conveying power mechanism and a first transmission mechanism. The conveying wheel assembly comprises an upper conveying wheel and a lower conveying wheel corresponding to the upper conveying wheel. The output end of the conveying power mechanism is connected with the first transmission mechanism, and the first transmission mechanism acts on the upper conveying wheel and/or the lower conveying wheel, so that the upper conveying wheel and the lower conveying wheel oppositely rotate to convey a printed file. According to the medical self-service printer, the printed file conveying device can convey the printed file such as paper printed by the printer in equipment to a file taking opening of the equipment, so that the position of the printer in the equipment is more flexible, and more choices are provided for design inside the medical self-service printer.