The invention discloses a method for installing fine adjustment of a track panel. The method comprises the steps of installing directional prisms at the positions of measuring control points of a track panel working face, performing station setting on total stations according to station setting points determined by each directional prism; causing tools where detection prisms are installed well to be installed at the position of each measuring basic hole of the track panel respectively, causing the total stations to be in communication with a computer where parameter fine adjustment software; operating a computer to control the total stations to measure each detection prism, and comparing measured results with standard track panel installing parameters so as to obtain a three-dimensional adjustment amount of the track panel at the position of each measuring basic hole; and adjusting the installation position of the track panel according to the three-dimensional adjustment amount. The measurement operation is finished automatically through the total stations, data are collected quickly and accurately, disturbance errors caused by manual operation are avoided, the fine adjustment accuracy is improved, and the ride comfort of the track panel is guaranteed. The invention further discloses a system for installing fine adjustment of the track panel, and the advantages of the system are described as above.