Provided are a material in-situ test device and method under multi-load and multi-physical field coupled service conditions. The device is composed of a precise six-degree-of-freedom composite load applying module, a precise torsion module, a precise indentation module, a clamp module and a control module which work together to complete a composite-load and multi-physical field coupled experiment, and is integrated with a digital speckle strain measurement and infrared thermal imaging module and a microscope observation module, so as to carry out in-situ observation and quantitative characterization on material deformation behaviours and damage mechanism phenomena in a composite-load and multi-physical field loading process. For example, loading methods of “cantilever type pure bending, cantilever type tension/compression-torsion, and cantilever type bending-torsion”, etc. can realize the loading of composite load. Silicon nitride ceramic heating sheets, Peltier tiles and current loading are used for achieving simulation of multiple physical fields such as cold/hot-electricity fields.