The invention provides a position information-based big data task management system and method. The system comprises multiple sensors which are arranged in data management areas and used for collecting signal strength data sent from to-be-managed mobile equipment to the sensors, a data collector which is used for collecting the signal strength data collected by the sensors and subjecting the signal strength data to datamation processing, a core data distribution server which is used for analyzing the signal strength data subjected to datamation processing, obtaining equipment identifications of different pieces of the mobile equipment, establishing a corresponding information queue for each piece of the mobile equipment according to the equipment identification of each of different pieces of the mobile equipment and sending the signal strength data of each piece of the mobile equipment to the corresponding information queue, and a timing sequence queue server which is used for ordering the signal strength data of each information queue according to the timing sequence to form a timing sequence queue and outputting the signal strength data of a corresponding number selected from the timing sequence queue in a data combination mode according to a preset time window.