The invention discloses an improved portable novel military first-acid blanket with life buoys. The military first-acid blanket comprises a first-acid blanket body, a plurality of specific life buoys and non-specific life buoys, a pull strip and a pull rope, wherein the specific life buoys and the non-specific life buoys are positioned in the first-acid blanket body and positioned at the periphery of a circle formed by the pull rope, each specific life buoy is connected with a preset number of non-specific life buoys through air pipes, each specific life buoy comprises an air bag, and the air bag is filled with a chemical substance and an igniter; the pull strip is connected with the pull rope; and the pull rope is further connected with the igniters in the air bags. On the basis of facilitating the carrying-on of a soldier, the military first-acid blanket can also be used with the first-acid blanket body as a life buoy. Besides, the air leakage of one life buoy cannot cause the air leakage of all the life buoys, so that the safety of the life buoy is improved.