The invention provides an oil field horizontal well oil extraction pipe column breakage, separation and well falling prevention device, which is designed for meeting the breakage and separation prevention requirements of an oil field horizontal well oil extraction pipe column under various work conditions. A balance weight energy storage mechanism, a lubrication mechanism and an auxiliary return mechanism are arranged in the oil field horizontal well oil extraction pipe column breakage, separation and well falling prevention device; the physical characteristics of object weightlessness, accelerated speed and the like are utilized, the limit of a mechanical structure is avoided; the excellent work environment of apparatuses can be protected; the sensitivity of tools is improved; and easy unlocking can be realized when the broken and separated pipe column is fished. The oil field horizontal well oil extraction pipe column breakage, separation and well falling prevention device is capable of meeting the pipe column breakage and separation prevention requirements of the oil field horizontal well oil extraction pipe column under various work conditions; the complicated fishing work condition of the horizontal section of the broken and separated pipe column is changed into a simple fishing work condition inside a straight well section; a fishing technology after breakage and separation is fundamentally changed; the workload is greatly reduced; the well occupation period is shortened; and the construction cost is saved.